{"id":11318,"date":"2025-04-14T15:56:09","date_gmt":"2025-04-14T13:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/abuzimi-me-substancat-dhe-psikopatologjia-nderhyrja-e-integruar-midis-sfidave-klinike-dhe-pasojave-sociale\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T13:03:44","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T11:03:44","slug":"abuzimi-me-substancat-dhe-psikopatologjia-nderhyrja-e-integruar-midis-sfidave-klinike-dhe-pasojave-sociale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/abuzimi-me-substancat-dhe-psikopatologjia-nderhyrja-e-integruar-midis-sfidave-klinike-dhe-pasojave-sociale\/","title":{"rendered":"Abuzimi me substancat dhe psikopatologjia: nd\u00ebrhyrja e integruar midis sfidave klinike dhe pasojave sociale"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

N\u00eb praktik\u00ebn klinike po v\u00ebrehet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje e konsiderueshme e k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrhyrje psikoterapeutike nga ana e personave q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur ose p\u00ebrdorin substanca<\/a> me efekte toksike n\u00eb sistemin nervor qendror (droga, alkool, barna, etj.).<\/p>\n\n

K\u00ebta njer\u00ebz zakonisht raportojn\u00eb se p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb ankth t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsuar<\/a>, agorafobi<\/a>, ankth social<\/a> dhe sulme paniku<\/a> dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatje<\/a>, ndihen shum\u00eb t\u00eb stresuar<\/a>, tep\u00ebr t\u00eb ngaz\u00ebllyer ose, anasjelltas, duksh\u00ebm t\u00eb depresionuar<\/a>, t\u00eb lodhur dhe t\u00eb rraskapitur.<\/p>\n\n

Megjithat\u00eb, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb \u00e7rregullimet m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme dhe n\u00eb disa raste m\u00eb pak serioze, por mund t\u00eb shtohen edhe t\u00eb tjera, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kur abuzimi me substanca ka vazhduar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, njer\u00ebzit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb ndryshime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb personalitetin<\/a> dhe reagimet e tyre trupore, t\u00eb perceptuara si t\u00eb amplifikuara ose jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb reduktuara<\/a>; ata mund t\u00eb ndiejn\u00eb sikur nuk kan\u00eb m\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme me trupin e tyre (simptoma somatike<\/a>, mosfunksionim seksual<\/a>, \u00e7rregullim dismorfik trupor<\/a>, depersonalizim<\/a>, etj.), me mendjen e tyre (\u00e7rregullim obsesiv-kompulsiv<\/a>), me perceptimin e tyre t\u00eb mjedisit p\u00ebrreth (derealizim<\/a>) dhe mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb kontrollin e sjelljes s\u00eb tyre (p.sh., sjellje antisociale<\/a>, loj\u00ebra fati<\/a>, blerje kompulsive<\/a>, t\u00eb ngr\u00ebnit e pakontrolluar<\/a>, etj.) dhe reagimet e tyre emocionale, si dhe ndryshime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb ritmet biologjike (p.sh., pagjum\u00ebsia<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n

K\u00ebto pasoja t\u00eb r\u00ebnda p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin mund t\u00eb r\u00ebndohen nga problemet n\u00eb pun\u00eb ose rendimenti i dob\u00ebt shkollor<\/a>, ose nga shtatz\u00ebnit\u00eb e pad\u00ebshiruara<\/a> (si pasoj\u00eb e kujdesit t\u00eb pakt\u00eb q\u00eb tregohet shpesh n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e kontracepsionit dhe promiskuitetit seksual q\u00eb shoq\u00ebron shpesh abuzimin me substancat), v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me bashk\u00ebshortin ose partnerin<\/a>, shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja familjare p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndarjes ose divorcit<\/a> dhe problemet e mundshme me ligjin<\/a> (p\u00ebr posedim ose shp\u00ebrndarje substancash, drejtimi i automjetit n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb dehur ose n\u00ebn efektin e drog\u00ebs, etj.).<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrhyrje psikoterapeutike midis abuzuesve t\u00eb substancave vjen nga t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb e mosh\u00ebs 18 vje\u00e7 (e her\u00eb pas here edhe m\u00eb pak) dhe rreth 35 vje\u00e7, nj\u00eb grupmosh\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn, p\u00ebrkundrazi, duhet t\u00eb perceptohet nj\u00eb nivel i lart\u00eb i stabilitetit psikofizik<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn e jet\u00ebs gjat\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u00e7do person i rritur duhet t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzoj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb konsistente energjit\u00eb e veta p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur ose konsoliduar disa nga objektivat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb tij (n\u00eb studime, n\u00eb pun\u00eb, n\u00eb jet\u00ebn afektive, etj.).
<\/p>\n\n

Nga pik\u00ebpamja klinike dhe sociologjike, situata \u00ebsht\u00eb sigurisht shqet\u00ebsuese dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb legjitime t\u00eb pyesim veten n\u00ebse psikopatologjia e shfaqur shkaktohet nga p\u00ebrdorimi dhe abuzimi me substancat ose<\/strong>, anasjelltas, n\u00ebse k\u00ebto sjellje jan\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje ekstreme dhe e ngat\u00ebrruar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar dhe reduktuar<\/strong> (n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb absolutisht t\u00eb gabuar dhe autodestruktive) simptomat psikopatologjike<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, ankthi, sulmet e panikut, depresioni, etj., nxisin marrjen e substancave apo, p\u00ebrkundrazi, marrja e substancave \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar simptomat e shkaktuara nga k\u00ebto \u00e7rregullime mendore? Nj\u00ebra p\u00ebrgjigje nuk e p\u00ebrjashton tjetr\u00ebn<\/strong> dhe, si qeni q\u00eb kafshon bishtin e vet, koka dhe bishti ngat\u00ebrrohen me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin.<\/p>\n\n

Nga perspektiva e nd\u00ebrhyrjes<\/strong>, nd\u00ebrprerja e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb substancave dhe detoksifikimi jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjet terapeutike fillestare dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme; megjithat\u00eb, arsyet pse nj\u00eb person, i cili duhet t\u00eb integrohet shoq\u00ebrisht, filloi dhe vazhdoi t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb substanca toksike mbeten t\u00eb keqkuptuara dhe t\u00eb patrajtuara.<\/p>\n\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, simptomat psikofiziologjike t\u00eb \u00e7rregullimeve mendore t\u00eb gjetura<\/strong> nuk shfaqen gjithmon\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb faz\u00ebn akute ose kronike t\u00eb dehjes, por shpesh mund t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb shfaqen edhe muaj ose vite pas nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb var\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n

Nj\u00eb kuptim i plot\u00eb i gjendjes s\u00eb ankthit dhe p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimi i aft\u00ebsive t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb e jet\u00ebs jan\u00eb objektivat kryesore t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjes pasuese psikoterapeutike<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb, pra, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrje terapeutike t\u00eb integruar<\/strong>, q\u00eb parashikon faza t\u00eb ndryshme, kompetenca t\u00eb ndryshme dhe veprimin sinergjik t\u00eb profesionist\u00ebve t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt veprojn\u00eb secili n\u00eb momentin e duhur dhe n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e tyre specifike.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00eb faz\u00ebn akute t\u00eb abstinenc\u00ebs dhe detoksifikimit, shtrimi n\u00eb spital \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi m\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm<\/strong> n\u00ebse substancat e p\u00ebrfshira jan\u00eb kryesisht alkooli, acidet, kokaina dhe heroina.<\/p>\n\n

Pasi kalohet kjo faz\u00eb dhe n\u00eb lidhje me substancat e sapop\u00ebrmendura, komuniteti psikoterapeutik<\/strong> p\u00ebrb\u00ebn mjedisin m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb mbrojtur p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar nj\u00eb rrug\u00ebtim rehabilitimi social dhe psikologjik.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, administrimi i barnave q\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb tolerimin e \u00e7rregullimeve fiziologjike si pasoj\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb zgjatur t\u00eb substancave toksike \u00ebsht\u00eb shpesh i domosdosh\u00ebm<\/strong>; n\u00eb fakt, menaxhimi farmakologjik i simptomave t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb simptomat psikotike<\/strong> ose disociative<\/strong> (amnezia disociative<\/a>, \u00e7rregullimi disociativ i identitetit<\/a>), \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i zakonsh\u00ebm dhe meriton v\u00ebmendje m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe dhe ekspertiz\u00eb specifike.<\/p>\n\n

Megjithat\u00eb, jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm ose mund t\u00eb vendosen n\u00eb nj\u00eb komunitet psikoterapeutik<\/strong>, qoft\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb vendeve dhe financimeve shtet\u00ebrore, qoft\u00eb p\u00ebr munges\u00eb motivimi, ose sepse kushtet e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb personit dhe konteksti i tij nuk k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrje aq radikale.<\/p>\n\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, personi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ende n\u00eb gjendje, ndon\u00ebse me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb angazhimet e tij n\u00eb pun\u00eb, studime, etj., dhe t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb objektivat e tij.
<\/p>\n\n

E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb vlen edhe kur var\u00ebsia ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me substanca \u2018t\u00eb padukshme\u2019 ose m\u00eb pak duksh\u00ebm t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme si<\/strong>, p\u00ebr shembull, marihuana<\/strong>, ose substanca potencialisht shum\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme, si p\u00ebr shembull alkooli<\/strong>, por t\u00eb marra n\u00eb sasi modeste ose her\u00eb pas here (p\u00ebr shembull gjat\u00eb fundjav\u00ebs).<\/p>\n\n

Shpesh, pik\u00ebrisht perceptimi i ul\u00ebt shoq\u00ebror i rrezikut lidhur me k\u00ebto substanca e shtyn personin t\u00eb n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsoj\u00eb ndikimin e tyre shkat\u00ebrrues n\u00eb sistemin nervor, duke vonuar k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr ndihm\u00eb deri n\u00eb shfaqjen e simptomave invaliduese<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebto raste, nj\u00eb trajtim n\u00eb \u2018day hospital\u2019<\/strong> rezulton shum\u00eb m\u00eb i leht\u00eb dhe i pranuesh\u00ebm nga ana e personit, i cili nuk do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbys\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebrisht zakonet e tij t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe familjare.<\/p>\n\n

Kur nuk b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb nga droga dhe n\u00eb rastet kur simptomat psikofizike jan\u00eb rezultat i nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi t\u00eb tepruar t\u00eb substancave n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e larg\u00ebt t\u00eb personit<\/strong>, nd\u00ebrhyrja mund t\u00eb kryhet edhe n\u00eb kuadrin e studios klinike t\u00eb psikoterapeutit [Terapia Kognitive e Sjelljes (CBT)<\/a>, Terapia Kognitive-Sjell\u00ebse e Ekuilibrit Holistik<\/a> (TCCEO<\/strong> e N. Bonaventura) t\u00eb proceseve t\u00eb v\u00ebmendjes<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n

Profesionisti q\u00eb ka n\u00eb ngarkim pacientin duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb gjithsesi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t’u drejtohet leht\u00ebsisht ndihm\u00ebs s\u00eb figurave t\u00eb tjera profesionale<\/strong> (psikiat\u00ebrve, neurolog\u00ebve, etj.) dhe t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb kompetenc\u00eb specifike dhe nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb t\u00eb konsoliduar n\u00eb trajtimin e pacient\u00ebve me diagnoz\u00eb t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb<\/strong>, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb ata pacient\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb substancave toksike dhe t\u00eb \u00e7rregullimeve mendore, si dhe t\u00eb pacient\u00ebve me \u00e7rregullime t\u00eb r\u00ebnda t\u00eb personalitetit.<\/p>\n\n

<\/div>\n\n

Sh\u00ebnim: ‘Informacioni i p\u00ebrmbajtur n\u00eb k\u00ebto faqe \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime informative dhe nuk z\u00ebvend\u00ebson k\u00ebshill\u00ebn ose diagnoz\u00ebn e nj\u00eb psikologu\/psikoterapisti ose profesionisti mjek\u00ebsor.’<\/em><\/p>\n\n

<\/div>\n\n

Burimet kryesore t\u00eb referenc\u00ebs bibliografike dhe informacione shtes\u00eb:<\/p>\n\n

American Psychiatric Association(2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/em> (5th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: APA Publishing. <\/p>\n\n

Sh\u00ebnim: Citimet dhe p\u00ebrshkrimet e pamjeve klinike n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tekst jan\u00eb ripunuar dhe p\u00ebrkthyer nga anglishtja origjinale nga autori.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

P\u00ebr botimin zyrtar n\u00eb italisht, shih: American Psychiatric Association (2023). DSM-5-TR<\/em>. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb praktik\u00ebn klinike po v\u00ebrehet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje e konsiderueshme e k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrhyrje psikoterapeutike nga ana e personave q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur ose p\u00ebrdorin substanca me efekte toksike n\u00eb sistemin nervor qendror (droga, alkool, barna, etj.). K\u00ebta njer\u00ebz zakonisht raportojn\u00eb se p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb ankth t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsuar, agorafobi, ankth social dhe sulme paniku dhe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-categorizzato"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11318"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13037,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11318\/revisions\/13037"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}