{"id":3791,"date":"2025-04-23T14:38:33","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T12:38:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/kater-fazat-e-historise-se-nje-duhanpiresi-fillimi-mirembajtja-nderprerja-rikthimi-dhe-rifillimi-i-pirjes-se-duhanit\/"},"modified":"2026-04-27T20:28:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T18:28:06","slug":"kater-fazat-e-historise-se-nje-duhanpiresi-fillimi-mirembajtja-nderprerja-rikthimi-dhe-rifillimi-i-pirjes-se-duhanit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/kater-fazat-e-historise-se-nje-duhanpiresi-fillimi-mirembajtja-nderprerja-rikthimi-dhe-rifillimi-i-pirjes-se-duhanit\/","title":{"rendered":"Kat\u00ebr fazat e historis\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb duhanpir\u00ebsi: fillimi, mir\u00ebmbajtja, nd\u00ebrprerja, rikthimi dhe rifillimi i pirjes s\u00eb duhanit."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz zhvillojn\u00eb sjellje var\u00ebsie nga drogat, alkooli, ila\u00e7et, duhani dhe substanca t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme<\/a> p\u00ebr trupin.<\/p>\n\n

Shpjegimet e shkakut t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre sjelljeve t\u00eb varura kan\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb formulimin e disa modeleve teorike<\/strong>, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb sa vijon:<\/p>\n\n

1)<\/strong> modeli moral;<\/p>\n\n

2)<\/strong> modeli i s\u00ebmundjes;<\/p>\n\n

3)<\/strong> modeli i t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit social.<\/p>\n\n

Sipas modelit moral<\/strong>, t\u00eb gjitha format e var\u00ebsis\u00eb nga droga konsiderohen manifestime t\u00eb shthurjes morale dhe t\u00eb varurit nga droga duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebshkohen (n\u00eb shekullin e 19-t\u00eb, ky vizion u mish\u00ebrua n\u00eb prohibicioniz\u00ebm).<\/p>\n\n

Modeli i s\u00ebmundjes<\/strong> e konsideron t\u00eb varurin nga droga si nj\u00eb pacient t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruar ndaj veprimit fiziologjikisht toksik [ndaj t\u00eb cilit ai zhvillon toleranc\u00eb<\/strong> (adaptim neurobiologjik ndaj efekteve t\u00eb marrjes kronike t\u00eb substanc\u00ebs) dhe zakonshm\u00ebri<\/strong> (adaptim neurobiologjik q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb sasi gjithnj\u00eb e n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb substanc\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin efekt fillestar)] t\u00eb substanc\u00ebs s\u00eb abuzimit (var\u00ebsi fiziologjike<\/strong>), ndaj t\u00eb cil\u00ebs ai nuk mund dhe nuk di si t\u2019i rezistoj\u00eb (var\u00ebsi psikologjike<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n

Modeli i t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit social<\/strong> e konsideron sjelljen e var\u00ebsis\u00eb nga droga si nj\u00eb sjellje t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar keqp\u00ebrshtat\u00ebse dhe, si e till\u00eb, t\u00eb trajtueshme<\/strong> p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb njohurive dhe strategjive t\u00eb natyrshme n\u00eb psikologjin\u00eb sociale, psikologjin\u00eb e t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit, psikologjin\u00eb e sjelljes<\/a> dhe psikologjin\u00eb kognitive<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Duhani<\/strong> konsiderohet gjithashtu nd\u00ebr substancat e afta t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb sjellje keqp\u00ebrshtat\u00ebse q\u00eb i atribuohen marrjes pak a shum\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt t\u00eb substancave q\u00eb veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb sistemin nervor qendror, megjith\u00ebse, ndryshe nga alkooli, opiatet, amfetaminat dhe substancat e tjera, ai nuk shkakton ose shkakton pasoja t\u00eb kufizuara negative n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe aktivitete shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n\n

Zakoni<\/a> i pirjes s\u00eb duhanit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb e ndryshme e var\u00ebsis\u00eb nga substancat, por jo m\u00eb pak e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme se sjelljet e tjera t\u00eb var\u00ebsis\u00eb nga droga; n\u00eb fakt, shumica e duhanpir\u00ebsve t\u00eb rregullt rrall\u00eb mund t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb ose dy or\u00eb pa pir\u00eb duhan.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsosh t\u00eb pish duhan \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e leht\u00eb, l\u00ebnia e k\u00ebtij zakoni \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

Njer\u00ebzit shpesh fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb pin\u00eb duhan duke imituar miqt\u00eb<\/strong> (t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb modeli), t\u00eb njohurit dhe prind\u00ebrit, si dhe nga aksesi dhe disponueshm\u00ebria e leht\u00eb e cigareve.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00ebto motivime shoq\u00ebrohen nga kurioziteti, nj\u00eb frym\u00eb rebelimi, d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr t\u2019u ndjer\u00eb si t\u00eb rritur dhe nj\u00eb thjeshtim (vet\u00ebm n\u00eb dukje) i marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00eb faz\u00ebn fillestare<\/strong>, faktor\u00ebt psikosocial\u00eb jan\u00eb vendimtar\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrs\u00ebritja e p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs s\u00eb pirjes s\u00eb duhanit do t\u00eb varet nga ekuilibri q\u00eb vendoset midis efekteve t\u00eb pak\u00ebndshme t\u00eb pirjes s\u00eb duhanit (ndjesit\u00eb dhe efektet e pak\u00ebndshme t\u00eb nikotin\u00ebs) ose atyre n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me t\u00eb (q\u00ebndrimi i shkoll\u00ebs dhe i prind\u00ebrve, vler\u00ebsimi adekuat i rreziqeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, etj.), nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebrfitimeve psikosociale, nga ana tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00ebse duhanpir\u00ebsi i ri e kap\u00ebrcen faz\u00ebn fillestare duke vazhduar t\u00eb pij\u00eb duhan, ai do t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e mir\u00ebmbajtjes s\u00eb pirjes s\u00eb duhanit<\/strong>, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn efektet farmakologjike t\u00eb nikotin\u00ebs do t\u00eb marrin nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi vendimtare, por edhe faktor\u00ebt psikosocial\u00eb, k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrftuar nga prekja e cigares, ndjesia e mbushjes me tym pas thithjes s\u00eb saj, efekti qet\u00ebsues ose, p\u00ebrkundrazi, stimulues i cigares dhe parandalimi i sindrom\u00ebs s\u00eb abstinenc\u00ebs (dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, sjellja e pirjes s\u00eb duhanit mbahet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavet\u00ebdijshme edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur simptomat e abstinenc\u00ebs).<\/p>\n\n

Nikotina \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrforcues shum\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm i sjelljes s\u00eb pirjes s\u00eb duhanit<\/strong> [nj\u00eb p\u00ebrforcues<\/a> i nj\u00eb sjelljeje p\u00ebrkufizohet si \u00e7do gj\u00eb (n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast efektet psikofiziologjike t\u00eb nikotin\u00ebs) q\u00eb rrit frekuenc\u00ebn me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndodh ajo sjellje]; n\u00eb fakt, pasi absorbohet, nikotina hyn n\u00eb qarkullimin e gjakut dhe arrin n\u00eb tru n\u00eb rreth 7 sekonda<\/strong> dhe ka nj\u00eb veprim q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb paradoksale, si stimulim dhe aktivizim, ashtu edhe qet\u00ebsi dhe relaksim.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00ebto efekte, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb kaq t\u00eb ndryshme, varen nga doza e marr\u00eb, karakteristikat psikofizike t\u00eb individit, gjendja e tij mendore dhe situata n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndodh kjo marrje (n\u00eb kushte tensioni dhe nervozizmi efekti i pirjes s\u00eb duhanit \u00ebsht\u00eb qet\u00ebsues, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb situata m\u00ebrzie dhe lodhjeje efekti i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb stimulues).<\/p>\n\n

Zakonet e pirjes s\u00eb duhanit ndryshojn\u00eb me kalimin e koh\u00ebs<\/strong> dhe faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb t\u00eb nx\u00ebnit nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb me ata q\u00eb favorizojn\u00eb ruajtjen e k\u00ebsaj sjelljeje.<\/p>\n\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, pirja e duhanit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sjellje q\u00eb ndodh n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb ndryshme<\/strong> \u2013 kur pihet birr\u00eb ose kafe, pas nj\u00eb vakti, kur flitet me nj\u00eb duhanpir\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr, kur je i lodhur ose i ngaz\u00ebllyer, pasi ke b\u00ebr\u00eb dashuri, etj. \u2013 dhe q\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb stimul i kusht\u00ebzuar<\/strong> [dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, \u00e7do rrethan\u00eb e vetme (stimuli) ka fituar, me p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjen e sjelljes s\u00eb pirjes s\u00eb duhanit n\u00eb t\u00eb, aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur sjelljen e pirjes s\u00eb duhanit n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn rrethan\u00eb (https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org<\/a>)] dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrforcues<\/strong> p\u00ebr sjelljen e pirjes s\u00eb duhanit.<\/p>\n\n

Asnj\u00eb substanc\u00eb tjet\u00ebr nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e aft\u00eb t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr kaq t\u00eb madh dhe konstant p\u00ebrforcimesh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

S\u00eb fundmi, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrforcimet pozitive ndaj pirjes s\u00eb duhanit jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumta dhe t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme, pasojat dhe efektet negative jan\u00eb t\u00eb vonuara dhe probabiliste (duhanpir\u00ebsi tenton t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb se kanceri i mushk\u00ebrive do t’u ndodh\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, jo atij vet\u00eb).<\/p>\n\n

Faza tjet\u00ebr, ndaloni pirjen e duhanit (nd\u00ebrprerjen) dhe vazhdoni ta b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb<\/strong>, varet ndjesh\u00ebm nga faktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm psikosocial\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb sa vijon: t\u00eb qenit nj\u00eb shembull i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dashurit dhe t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm (p.sh. f\u00ebmij\u00ebt), barra e shpenzimeve ekonomike, gjendja sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore dhe faktor\u00ebt estetik\u00eb (pirja e duhanit mund t\u00eb jap\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypjen e \u00e7rregullimit dhe papast\u00ebrtis\u00eb), nevoja p\u00ebr t\u2019u ndjer\u00eb i aft\u00eb t\u00eb rregulloj\u00eb dhe vet\u00ebkontrolloj\u00eb sjelljen e dikujt, presionet dhe kufizimet sociale (p.sh., ndalimet dhe gjobat p\u00ebr shkel\u00ebsit), etj.<\/p>\n\n

Edhe pse k\u00ebta faktor\u00eb psikosocial\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb caktuar, ata shpesh nuk rezultojn\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb fort\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur pezullimin, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb do t\u00eb pasoj\u00eb faza e kat\u00ebrt n\u00eb historin\u00eb e nj\u00eb duhanpir\u00ebsi: rikthimi n\u00eb gjendjen e m\u00ebparshme dhe rifillimi i pirjes s\u00eb duhanit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

Faktor\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb si stresi<\/a>, presioni social dhe simptomat e abstinenc\u00ebs besohet t\u00eb jen\u00eb faktor\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb q\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen.<\/p>\n\n

Ekzistojn\u00eb shum\u00eb metoda q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb<\/strong> ndihmuar njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb duhanin<\/strong> dhe qasja konjitive-sjell\u00ebse [Terapia Kognitive e Sjelljes<\/a> (CBT) dhe Terapia Kognitive-Sjell\u00ebse e Ekuilibrit Holistik<\/a> (TCCEO<\/strong> e N. Bonaventura) e proceseve t\u00eb v\u00ebmendjes<\/a>] \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebra prej tyre (L\u00ebnia e Duhanit me Terapi Konjitive-Sjell\u00ebse<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n

<\/div>\n\n

Bibliografia dhe Burimet Shkencore<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • Bandura, A. (1997).<\/strong> Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control<\/em>. W.H. Freeman. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Beck, J. S. (2013).<\/strong> La terapia cognitivo-comportamentale<\/em>. Astrolabio. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Sanavio, E. (1991).<\/strong> Psicoterapia cognitiva e comportamentale<\/em>. Carocci Editore. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz zhvillojn\u00eb sjellje var\u00ebsie nga drogat, alkooli, ila\u00e7et, duhani dhe substanca t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme p\u00ebr trupin. Shpjegimet e shkakut t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre sjelljeve t\u00eb varura kan\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb formulimin e disa modeleve teorike, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb sa vijon: 1) modeli moral; 2) modeli i s\u00ebmundjes; 3) modeli i t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit social. Sipas modelit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3751,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-categorizzato"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3791"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12999,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3791\/revisions\/12999"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studiopsicoterapiabonaventura.it\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}